General surgery covers operations on many organs of the abdomen and neck. Today many of these operations can be done laparoscopically, through small incisions with a camera, when the patient's condition allows.
Common areas of general surgery
- thyroid surgery, for example for goitre
- breast surgery, including breast cancer surgery
- stomach and small bowel surgery
- liver surgery
- gallbladder and bile duct surgery
- pancreatic surgery
- hernia repair
- varicose vein surgery
Obesity is a disease
Obesity means the body has more fat in relation to lean mass than is healthy, usually because energy intake and energy use have been out of balance for a long time. Genetics, hormones, medicines, sleep and lifestyle can all play a part. Obesity matters for health, not only appearance: it raises the risk of type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure, heart disease, sleep apnoea, joint problems and some cancers.
A simple first check is the body mass index (BMI): weight in kilograms divided by height in metres squared. BMI is a screening tool. It does not tell the whole story, and doctors also look at waist size, existing conditions and medical history.
Is surgery an option?
There are several ways to treat obesity: diet and exercise programmes, behavioural support, medication and surgery. Obesity surgery, such as sleeve gastrectomy or gastric bypass, is generally considered when other methods have not worked and when BMI and related health conditions meet medical criteria.
Before recommending surgery, doctors carry out tests and examinations and usually involve a dietitian and sometimes a psychologist. Surgery is a tool, not an end point: long-term results depend on lasting changes in eating and activity, and on regular follow-up.
How MedAssist helps
MedAssist arranges consultations with general and obesity surgeons at partner hospitals, organises travel and accommodation, and keeps in touch during follow-up. The surgeon decides whether surgery is suitable and which operation to perform.